Left ventricular unloading during reperfusion does not limit myocardial infarct size.

To determine whether venting the left ventricle during coronary reperfusion limits myocardial infarct size, we studied paced (200 beats/min) Langendorff rabbit hearts, perfused with blood from a support rabbit. A left coronary artery was occluded for 60 minutes, followed by 2 hours of reperfusion. Four experimental conditions, as follows, were used: In group 1 (control), the hearts contracted isovolumetrically on a fluid-filled balloon in the left ventricle during both occlusion and reperfusion. In group 2, the balloon was present only during occlusion, and the heart was vented during reperfusion. Hearts in group 3 were vented during occlusion and developed pressure during reperfusion. In group 4, the left ventricle was vented during occlusion and reperfusion. Perfusion pressure (91.2 +/- 0.9 mm Hg) and coronary flow (0.88 +/- 0.03 ml/min/g) were not different between groups. Left ventricular pressures (mean of all groups) were 87.3 +/- 1.5 mm Hg systolic and 6.5 +/- 0.6 mm Hg diastolic. Infarcted myocardium was assessed by triphenyl tetrazolium staining and expressed as a percentage of the area at risk, as measured by fluorescent particles. Venting during both ischemia and reperfusion (n = 10) did result in significantly smaller infarcts than in the unvented controls (n = 10), that is, 13 +/- 5% vs. 41 +/- 6%, respectively. Venting only during reperfusion (n = 10) or occlusion (n = 11) did not significantly limit infarct size (57 +/- 6% and 32 +/- 5%, respectively), as compared with controls. Thus, the clinically feasible intervention of left ventricular venting during reperfusion was not cardioprotective.